On the federal level, there have been no legislative changes in Switzerland since 2022 that relate to education and SOGIGESC issues.
The federal Constitution (1999) sets out the right to education (art. 19), the protection of children and young people (art. 11) and prohibits discrimination on the grounds of “way of life” (art. 8), including in public education. It does not, however, explicitly mention SOGIGESC grounds. Some cantonal (e.g. Geneva, Zurich) constitutions include the ground of sexual orientation.
Geneva (GE) is the only Swiss canton that explicitly includes SOGIGESC in its education law (Loi sur l’instruction publique), ensuring protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, and sex characteristics. Other cantons with general anti-discrimination provisions are BL, FR, NW, and OW.
Geneva’s regional Public Education Act, amended in 2021, sets out that all schools shall have their own anti-discrimination protocols in place, but does not mention SOGIGESC grounds. Some schools have adopted protocols that include protections for LGBTQI learners, but it is up to their discretion whether they do so.
Switzerland is a federal state and education falls under the competence of its cantons. Therefore, there are no national policies or action plans to tackle anti-LGBTQI bullying or promote LGBTQI inclusion in schools.
Since 2024, the Swiss Federal Office for Gender Equality (FOGE) has been focusing on issues related to lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and intersex (LGBTI) individuals. One of its key tasks is the development of the "National Action Plan against LGBTQ-phobic Hate Crimes," as outlined in the Barrile Postulate (20.3820). However, this plan is still pending publication and implementation, and it is currently unclear whether it will address the field of education.
A number of cities and cantons have equality actions plans in place that address anti-LGBTQI discrimination and violence, including Zurich (2019, renewed 2024), Bern (2019, renewed 2023), Bienne (2020), canton of Lucerne (2022), Valais (2021-2024), Vaud (2021), Basel (2024) and the city of Lucerne (2024). Zurich’s gender equality action plan also protects trans people from discrimination.
Geneva has a Fight Against Bullying Action Plan in place, but it does not include SOGIGESC grounds.
Hate speech is only prohibited on the grounds of sexual orientation (2020). ECRI recommended Switzerland (2020) add gender identity as well.
In Switzerland, education is governed by the cantons, meaning that there are no national curricula. While the mandatory canton-level curricula do not specifically address LGBTQI rights issues, the Lehrplan 21 for the German-speaking part of Switzerland includes SOGIGESC topics in ethics and social studies, focusing on sexual orientation, equal rights, and non-discriminatory naming of sexualities. However, it is up to individual schools and teachers to decide whether and to what extent they cover these topics. A 2024 Federal Council report on school-based sexual education highlights inconsistencies in the implementation of SOGIGESC topics across cantons, with significant gaps depending on the region, canton, city, and specific school.
ECRI recommended Switzerland (2020) to remedy this and urge all schools to put in place policies to tackle racist and anti-LGBTQI bullying, and provide guidance for LGBTQI learners, parents, and teachers.
Lehrplan Q supports educators in German speaking Switzerland in integrating sexual, romantic, and gender diversity into teaching for an inclusive learning environment. It provides resources, lesson materials, and classroom visits by LGBTQ+ speakers.
In the French speaking Switzerland NGOs have worked extensively to remedy this gap, develop lesson plans with local schools, and mainstream SOGIGESC issues as well.
Some schools have gender and LGBTQI equality programmes in place, which are supervised by the state education inspectorate.
There continues to be no mandatory sex education or human rights curricula at the Federal level that are inclusive of SOGIGESC.
There is no mandatory teacher training in place on LGBTQI awareness. However, several teacher training schools and universities provide elective classes.
Some NGOs also offer targeted lessons for teachers. For instance, Geneva’s Federation of LGBTQI associations provides sensitisation training to teachers. In the 2019/2020 academic year for instance, it held workshops for 344 teachers. The Agnodice Foundation provides such training for school staff in the French-speaking part of Switzerland.
The state is generally supportive of LGBTQI youth issues and has made targeted funding available for a range of NGOs. Civil society reports that more funds are available in the French speaking part of Switzerland.
Anti-LGBTQI discrimination and hate crimes continue to be common and trans people are more likely to be targets than their LGB cisgender peers. Intersex children and young people continue to be unprotected from non-consensual medical interventions.
Civil society gathers data on discrimination and violence against LGBTQI students in schools. The SOGUS Study (2024) – "Sexual Orientation, Gender, and School" conducted by the Pädagogische Hochschule in Zurich examined the school climate for LGBTQI youth in German-speaking Switzerland and found that over half of the respondents felt uncomfortable or unsafe at school. A 2022 study by Unisanté in the canton of Vaud examined victimisation, substance use, and health among 1,817 LGBTQI youth in post-compulsory education. The findings revealed that LGBTQI youth face significantly higher rates of sexual violence (15% vs. 3%), bullying (16% vs. 8%), mental health issues, and substance use compared to their heterosexual peers.
In 2020, the national parliament approved the Federal Council’s plan to amend the existing legal gender recognition procedures and introduce a new model based on self-determination. The relevant amendments went into effect January 1, 2022. Regrettably, those under 16 will still need parental consent. LGR is thus accessible to children and youth, albeit not on the basis of self-determination. In 2020, a six-year-old and, in 2019, a nine-year-old trans child were successfully granted a change of their legal gender.
Non-binary gender markers are not available. In 2023, the Federal Court ruled that Switzerland does not have to recognise non-binary gender markers that some acquired abroad but emphasised that the current situation is problematic.
In 2023, the Federal Court ruled that the firing of a teacher, who refused to address a trans student by the name and gender he determined for himself, was legitimate.
In 2023, the National Council dismissed attempts to prohibit universities using gender-neutral language.
Basel-Landschaft canton has a specific directive in place regarding trans pupils, which grants the recognition of one’s gender identity and allows for a change of name and gender marker, regardless of official changes. Vaud (2021) and Geneva (2020) each have similar directives in place regarding trans pupils.
Despite a successful referendum in 2020, the Council of States decided not to record anti-LGBTQI motives of hate crimes and collect data on that. A number of cantons and cities have done so.
Civil society gathers data on discrimination and violence (see under School environment).
Since 2019, the Swiss LGBTIQ+ Panel has conducted an annual longitudinal study, assessing the situation of LGBTQI individuals in Switzerland, with approximately 2,500 LGBTQI and 350 cis-heterosexual participants in 2023. A Study on Suicide Attempts among LGBTQ+ Adolescents and Young Adults conducted by the ZHAW investigated the backgrounds and processes of suicide attempts among LGBTQI adolescents in German-speaking and Western Switzerland to improve suicide prevention efforts. The Study on Discrimination against LGBTIQ+ Individuals in Switzerland (2024), conducted by gfs.bern on behalf of Amnesty International and other organisations, examined the acceptance of LGBTQI individuals as well as the extent and forms of queerphobic violence and discrimination in Switzerland.
The GeViSS – Gender Diversity in Swiss Schools research project explores attitudes toward gender diversity among teachers, students, and parents, focusing on trans and intersex issues to develop inclusive educational strategies.
There is no national scheme to provide support for LGBTQI learners or their families.
However, some NGOs provide targeted support to LGBTQI young people and some of them receive funding from the state to do so. Civil society has also reported that they are often contacted by supportive teachers and provide information as well as guidance in these cases. Geneva’s Federation of LGBT Associations runs Totem, a group for young LGBTQI people up to the age of 25. Totem provides information to young LGBTQI people, hosts regular meetings, and runs a helpline. Local organisation Transgender Network Switzerland (TGNS) provides regular meetings for trans youth over 13, as well as counseling and information, supports trans youth coming out at school including by offering sensitising lessons, and supports trans pupils as well as students of all ages. The organisation also assists school management, universities and departments of education. NGO Du bist du offers counseling and information for LGBT+ young people.
The Milchjugend is the largest LGBTQI youth organisation in Switzerland, providing spaces for young people to connect, express themselves, and engage in cultural and political discussions. Through events, workshops, and community projects, it fosters a supportive environment that empowers LGBTQI youth and promotes their visibility in Swiss society.
The Agnodice Foundation works with trans, non-binary and questioning children and teens as well as their families, directing them to their network of professionals and accompanying transitions in school.
The LGBTIQ Helpline is a Swiss peer-to-peer advisory service and reporting office for anti-LGBTIQ violence. It serves as the first point of contact for individuals seeking support related to sexual orientation, gender identity, or intersexuality. Trained queer advisers provide free and confidential support for LGBTIQ people, their families and professionals. Individuals who have experienced or witnessed anti-LGBTIQ violence (Hate Crimes) can report incidents to the helpline, aiding in data collection and advocacy work.
Some cantons’ education departments have provided guidance on addressing anti-LGBTQI bullying and urged schools to put in place targeted programs to tackle the issue. In 2020, the City of Zurich published a detailed guidance document on the rights and obligations of schools towards trans children and their parents. In 2020, the canton of Vaud designated an expert at the Department of Training, Youth and Culture to tackle anti-LGBTQI attitudes in the Vaudois training centers, and put in place a prevention and inclusion policy. In 2024 the education department of Basel-Stadt published "Trans macht Schule", a guide to support teachers in working with trans students.
Civil society, including TGNS, LOS, Pink Cross, Lehrplan Q, Agnodice Foundation, Du bist du, Milchjugend and Geneva’s Federation of LGBT Associations make information available on SOGIGESC issues for both learners and teachers.
Switzerland has ratified eight of the nine core UN treaties, including the ICESCR and the CRC, which enshrine the right to education. Switzerland is a member of the European Governmental LGBTI Focal Points Network (as of November 2020) and has signed the 2016 UNESCO Call for Action.
Here is the country's score for each ground of discrimination on which we based our observations for 8 of the 10 indicators presented above.
To enable a meaningful comparison of country progress over time, we have retroactively aligned the scoring systems used in the 2018 and 2022 Editions of IGLYO’s LGBTQI Inclusive Education Index with the updated 2025 scoring criteria. While each edition of the research has built on the previous one, reflecting evolving standards and priorities in inclusive education, minor changes to indicators and scoring weights were introduced in 2022 and 2025 to improve clarity, consistency, and comprehensiveness.
By recalculating the earlier scores according to the 2025 framework, we have tried to ensure comparability across all three editions and provide a more accurate picture of progress, stagnation, or regression in each country’s approach to LGBTQI-inclusive education. For this reason, you might find some scores in the PDF Report & Index 2018 and 2022 differing from those on the Education website for these two years.